Resilience1.4 billion people face severe natural disaster risks in South Asia
New data has revealed that 1.4 billion people in South Asia, or 81 percent of the region’s population, are acutely exposed to at least one type of natural hazard and live in areas considered to have insufficient resources to cope with and rebound from an extreme event. Poor governance, weak infrastructure, and high levels of poverty and corruption amplify the economic and humanitarian losses associated with significant natural hazards events – and these factors will exacerbate the consequences of natural disasters especially in Africa, a continent which hosts eight out of the nine countries most vulnerable to natural hazards.
New data has revealed that 1.4 billion people in South Asia, 81 percent of the region’s population, are acutely exposed to at least one type of natural hazard and live in areas considered to have insufficient resources to cope with and rebound from an extreme event.
The research, released by risk analysis and research company Verisk Maplecroft, highlights a lack of resilience to hazards across the region, especially in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. According to the Bath, United Kingdom-based company, these governments have struggled to translate record levels of economic growth into improved resilience against natural hazards, leaving investors open to disruption to economic outputs, risks to business continuity and threats to human capital.
Verisk Maplecroft says that to reach its conclusions, it assessed the risks posed by eleven types of natural hazards, including tropical cyclones, floods, winter storms, earthquakes, wildfires, and tsunamis in twenty new risk indices covering 198 countries. The research forms part of its annual Environmental Risk Dataset, which has been developed to help companies identify risks to their assets, personnel and supply chains.
India lags behind U.S., China, and Japan in capacity to mitigate natural disasters
The populations of ten countries, including India (ranked 1st), China (2), Bangladesh (3), Indonesia (4), Philippines (5), U.S.(6), Japan (7), Nigeria (8), Brazil (9), and Pakistan (10) are identified by Verisk Maplecroft as facing the greatest exposure to natural hazards in its Natural Hazards Population Exposure Index.
Crucially though, South Asian nations lag behind the world’s leading economies when it comes to mitigating the worst impacts of natural hazards. The company’s Natural Hazards Vulnerability Index, which assesses a country’s ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from a natural hazard event, rates Japan (183) and the United States (173) as “low risk,” and China (126) “medium risk.” In comparison, the weaker institutional capacity, financial resources and infrastructure of Bangladesh (37), Pakistan (43), and India (49) mean they are rated “high risk,” leaving companies and populations there under greater threat if a significant event strikes.
The data identifies flooding as one of the most substantial risks to communities and business in South Asia. In India alone, 113 million people, or 9 percent of the population, are acutely exposed to flood hazard, with a further seventy-six million exposed in Bangladesh and ten million in Pakistan. Indeed, heavy monsoon rain in November-December 2015 sparked record flooding in South India, which cost the country upwards of $3 billion and displaced more than 100,000 people.
In its city-level analysis, Verisk Maplecroft flags the populations of three South Asian cities among the ten most exposed globally. These include the major garment producer Dhaka in Bangladesh (ranked 5th most exposed) and the rapidly growing tech hubs of Kolkata (6) and Delhi (9) in India. Manila, Philippines (1), Tokyo, Japan (2), Jakarta, Indonesia (3), Dongguan, China (4), Osaka, Japan (7), Mexico City, Mexico (8), and Sao Paolo, Brazil (10) complete the list.
Resilience to natural hazards lowest in Africa and South Asia
“This data highlights the scale of the task facing governments and business in mitigating the threats to populations and workforces from natural hazards in these high risk regions,” states Dr. James Allan, Director of Environment at Verisk Maplecroft. “With overseas investment pouring into the emerging Asian markets, companies have an increasing responsibility to understand their exposure and work with governments to build resilience.”
According to Verisk Maplecroft, poor governance, weak infrastructure, and high levels of poverty and corruption amplify the economic and humanitarian losses associated with significant natural hazards events. In the Natural Hazards Vulnerability Index, Africa hosts eight out of the nine most vulnerable countries, with South Sudan (1), Burundi (2), Afghanistan (3), Eritrea (4), Chad (5) Niger (6), Sudan (7), Mali (8), and DR Congo (9) all are considered “extreme risk.”
Outside of Africa, South Asia is the most vulnerable region. Despite progress in recent years, rapid economic growth is yet to translate into the development of resilience at the community level, including bolstering healthcare and education provision. Additionally, the capacity of these countries’ building stocks to withstand hazards is typically inadequate. This was evident during the April 2015 earthquake in Nepal (31), where a lack of institutional capacity and poor infrastructure contributed to a death toll of more than 9,000 people and left many communities isolated for days afterwards.
