Risk analysis for common ground on climate loss and damage
strongly.
In the new paper, the researchers synthesize and build on advances in the field of climate risk analysis including work done by the IPCC in 2014, to which IIASA strongly contributed. The authors lay out a framework for identifying risks beyond adaptation, and define the policy space for loss and damage with two sets of options where developed and developing countries could agree on international support and action in addition to support on adaptation or disaster risk management.
The first set of options refers to support for curative measures, which deal with unavoided and unavoidable risks. For example, given increasing sea levels induced by climate change, there is need to upgrade coastal protection; melting glaciers increase the risk of glacial lake outbursts, for which additional protection efforts are required. At high levels of warming, impacts become unavoidable, and people may be forced to migrate, for which international legal protection is essential. The second set of options refers to the concept of transformative risk management — that means building resilience against climate-related impacts while also realizing that people and communities will need support to learn new skills and develop new livelihoods, or even voluntarily migrate to new homes to cope with the impacts of climate change.
“When the water is up to your nose, doing just a little bit more on risk is not enough,” says Schinko. “Transformative risk management goes beyond traditional risk management -it is about people, and enhancing their resilience broadly.”
The analysis also provides a stark view of the potential impacts at higher levels of warming such as 3°C and 4°C above preindustrial levels. Given that the world is currently not on track to meet the temperature target set in Paris, the question of climate adaptation, and loss and damage that is beyond adaptation, could come to the forefront of the debate.
The paper is based on recent advances in risk science, which the researchers say has an important role to play in the debate on the topic in Marrakesh. Mechler says, “This is a way to work towards consensus and principled action for dealing with critical climate related risks. Also, our work underlines the need to sustain and ramp up efforts for tackling greenhouse gas, as well as support for tackling risks beyond coping capacities enforced in tandem with climate adaptation and disaster risk management.”
Implications of these findings will be presented at a side event with negotiators, NGOs, and other researchers on 7 November at COP22 in Marrakesh.
— Read more in Reinhard Mechler and Thomas Schinko, “Identifying the policy space for climate loss and damage,” Science 354, no. 6310 (21 October 2016): 290-92 (doi: 10.1126/science.aag2514)
