Since 9/11, the U.S. government has spent more than $60 billion of bolstering U.S. defenses against a terrorist attack using biological agents. The money paid for air sensors in major cities, intensified efforts to develop vaccines and treatments for anthrax and other potential biotrerror weapons, educating doctors about bioterror attack symptoms, distributing equipment to hospitals around the country, and more. Still, even within the biodefense community, there is a wide-spread belief that these measures have not made the United States meaningfully less vulnerable to a bioterror attack.