FloodsNew grass hybrid helps reduce runoffs, flooding
Scientists use hybridized forage grass to combine fast root growth and efficient soil water retention. Field experiments show Festulolium cultivar reduces water runoff by up to 51 percent against nationally-recommended cultivar. The hybrid captures more water and reduces runoff and likelihood of flood generation.
Multi-benefit Festulolium cultivar // Source: nih.gov
A collaboration of plant and soil scientists from across the United Kingdom has shown a grass hybrid species could help reduce the impact of flooding.
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-funded scientists, from Rothamsted Research, the James Hutton Institute, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) at Aberystwyth University, Lancaster University, and the University of Nottingham, used a hybridized species of grass called perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with a closely related species called meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis).
They hoped to integrate the rapid establishment and growth rate of the ryegrass with the large, well developed root systems and efficient water capture of the meadow fescue.
A BBSRC release reports that over two years of field experiments in the south west, the team demonstrated that the hybrid, named Festulolium, reduced water runoff from agricultural grassland by up to 51 percent compared to a leading U.K. nationally recommended perennial ryegrass cultivar, and by 43 percent compared to meadow fescue.
It is thought the reduced runoff is achieved because Festulolium’s intense initial root growth and subsequent rapid turn-over, especially at depth, allows more water to be retained within the soil.
The hybrid grass also provides high quality forage with resilience to weather extremes, making the grass doubly useful to farmers.
Dr. Kit Macleod, catchment scientist at the James Hutton Institute and one of the authors of the paper, said: “Hybrid grasses of this type show potential for reducing the likelihood of flood generation, whilst providing pasture for food production under conditions of changing climate.
“In areas with similar climate and soils, then there is potential for reducing the likelihood of flood generation based on increased soil water storage within a river’s catchment.”
Professor Douglas Kell, chief executive of BBSRC, said: “We usually think of improving food crops solely in terms of traits such as the yield and quality of the food itself, and apart from root crops such as potatoes and carrots these are easily visible, above-ground traits. However, there is increasing recognition that the health and utility of plants can be greatly enhanced by improving below-ground traits such as root growth.
“This is a superb example of that reasoning, and a hugely important advance resulting from decades of fundamental BBSRC-supported work on the hybridization of Lolium and Festuca (Fescue) species. I am sure that we shall see a continuing resurgence of interest in root biology, which findings such as this are sure to promote. The enormous savings that will be possible by mitigating flooding through planting grasses such as these dwarf any possible cost of producing them.”
— Read more in Christopher (Kit) J. A. Macleod et al.,”A novel grass hybrid to reduce flood generation in temperate regions,” Scientific Reports 3, article no. 1683 (25 April 2013) (doi:10.1038/srep01683)
