Law enforcementSize of a community’s police force predictor of police misconduct

The size of a community’s police force is a greater predictor for police misconduct than its ethnic diversity, according to researchers.

In a study of nearly 500 city police departments across the United States, researchers from FIU and Montana State University found police departments with a large number of full-time employees are more likely to experience reported incidents of police misconduct, including excessive force, sexual misconduct, financial misconduct, and driving under the influence. This contradicts previous claims by other studies that a large police organization can potentially reduce misconduct.

FIU quotes FIU criminal justice researcher Stewart D’Alessio as saying that large organizations tend to experience difficulty in monitoring a large number of employees.

The study, published in Police Quarterly, reports a city’s violent crime rate — including the number of murders, forcible rapes, robberies, and aggravated assaults — is the only external factor that influences police misconduct. Other environmental factors — including population diversity, unemployment rate, percentage of households receiving public assistance, percentage of families below poverty level, or percentage of female-headed households with children — do not appear to be relevant in explaining why one police department experiences more instances of police misconduct than another.

Few studies have examined the role of internal factors in predicting the most common forms of police misconduct, including bribery, theft and drug use.

“There are more than eleven million arrests made annually in the United States,” D’Alessio said. “Cases of police-use of excessive force are often highlighted in mass media and social media, but these are just a few incidents that occur out of 11 million arrests.”

According to the researchers, because internal rather than external factors are better predictors of police misconduct, police departments have the ability to implement policies that can help reduce the occurrence of police misconduct.

“Deliberate but thoughtful efforts to reduce police misconduct are desirable because misconduct has a negative effect on the publics’ view of the police and their legitimacy,” D’Alessio said.

— Read more in David Eitle, “The Effect of Organizational and Environmental Factors on Police Misconduct,” Police Quarterly 17, no. 2 (June 2014): 103-26 (doi: 10.1177/1098611114522042)