Owners of China-Based Company Charged with Conspiracy to Send Trade Secrets Belonging to Leading U.S.-Based Electric Vehicle Company

According to court documents, Pflugbeil and Shao are operators of a PRC-based business (Business-1) that sold technology used for the manufacture of batteries, including batteries used in electric vehicles. The defendants built Business-1 using Victim Company-1’s sensitive and proprietary information, and marketed their business as a replacement for Victim Company-1’s products. Pflugbeil was arrested this morning after he sent multiple Victim Company-1 trade secrets to an undercover agent and traveled to Nassau County for a meeting with who he believed to be Long Island-based businesspeople, but who in reality were undercover law enforcement agents. Pflugbeil is scheduled to make his initial appearance today before U.S. Magistrate Judge Peggy Kuo. His co-defendant Shao remains at large.

Victim Company-1 is a U.S.-based leading manufacturer of battery-powered electric vehicles and battery energy systems. In 2019, Victim Company-1 acquired a Canada-based manufacturer of automated, precision dispensing pumps and battery assembly lines (the Canadian Manufacturer). Prior to its purchase by Victim Company-1, the Canadian Manufacturer sold battery assembly lines to customers who manufactured alkaline and lithium-ion batteries for consumer use. The battery assembly lines contained or utilized a proprietary technology now owned by Victim Company-1: continuous motion battery assembly (the Battery Assembly Trade Secret).

The proprietary technology provided a substantial competitive advantage to Victim Company-1 in the battery manufacturing process. Victim Company-1 spent at least $13 million developing the Battery Assembly Trade Secret.

Both Pflugbeil and Shao are former employes of the Canadian Manufacturer. The complaint alleges that, by no later than 2019, Pflugbeil and Shao planned to make use of Victim Company-1 trade secrets for their own business activities. For example, between October and November 2019, Pflugbeil and Shao discussed “set[ting] up” a company in Canada and China that would rely on the sensitive and confidential information needed to make and sell their own battery technology. Pflugbeil told Shao that he had “a lot of original documents” related to the technology and sought out more “original drawings” from Victim Company-1 that they could copy for their planned business. Shao subsequently confirmed that “we have all of original assembly drawings by PDF.”

In or about July 2020, Pflugbeil and Shao opened Business-1, which has since expanded to locations in China, Canada, Germany, and Brazil. Business‑1 makes the same precision dispensing pumps and battery assembly lines that Victim Company-1 manufactured using its proprietary technology. Business-1 is marketed by Pflugbeil as an alternative source for the sale of products that rely upon Victim Company-1 trade secrets, publishing online advertisements that state, for example, “Are you looking for [Victim Company-1] Metering pumps and spare parts? Look no further.” 

In operating Business-1, Pflugbeil and Shao relied upon the Battery Assembly Trade Secret. For example, in September 2020, Pflugbeil emailed a series of drawings to a gears manufacturer in order to produce several parts and wrote “please keep the attached information confidential.” The attachment contained drawings belonging to Victim Company-1 related to the Battery Assembly Trade Secret. The drawings that Pflugbeil sent were identical to Victim Company-1’s drawings, except the name of the company was changed, the date of the drawing was changed, and the drawing identifying number was written in reverse of Victim Company-1’s drawing identifying number.

On or about Sept. 11, 2023, undercover agents attended a trade show for the packaging and processing industries in Las Vegas, Nevada. The undercover agents posed as businesspeople who were interested in purchasing a battery assembly line from Business-1 to manufacture batteries at a facility on Long Island, New York. The undercover agents were introduced to Shao at the trade show and later to Pflugbeil via email. Subsequently, on or about Nov. 17, 2023, Pflugbeil sent, via email, a detailed 66-page technical documentation proposal to an undercover agent (UC-1) while UC-1 was in the Eastern District of New York. The proposal notes, “this technical documentation package contains [Business-1] proprietary information which must be kept confidential.” In reality, the proposal contained Battery Assembly Trade Secret information belonging to Victim Company-1:  at least half a dozen drawings Pflugbeil used in the proposal and sent to UC-1 were, in fact, Victim Company-1’s information related to the Battery Assembly Trade Secret.

If convicted, Pfugbeil faces a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison. A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors.